Confirmation bias can thus cause investors to make poor decisions, whether it’s in their choice of investments or their timing of trades. The result is a one-sided view and a self-reinforcing loop. When researching an investment, they might inadvertently look for or favor information that supports their preconceived notions about the asset or strategy and fail to register or to under-weigh any or data that presents different or contradictory ideas.
Seeking out contrarian views and avoiding affirmative questions are two ways to counteract confirmation bias.Ĭonfirmation bias affects perceptions and decision-making in all aspects of life, but it can create particular problems for investors. Investors should be aware of their own tendency towards confirmation bias so that they can overcome poor decision-making, missing chances, and avoid falling prey to bubbles. Confirmation bias flourishes because it's an efficient way to process information, it promotes self-esteem, and it eases stress by eliminating conflict and contradictions. The confirmation bias concept comes from the field of cognitive psychology and has been adapted to behavioral finance. Confirmation bias is the tendency of human beings to actively search for, interpret, and retain information that matches their preconceived notions and beliefs. The presence of the filtered index introduces additional burdens - for example, a job started failing when we added a filtered index to a certain table, because that darned SQL Server Agent inexplicably sets QUOTED_IDENTIFIER to OFF. 
Using the filter requires changes to consuming queries especially if those queries are generated in application code, or the changes involve forcing an index hint. For example, when I discovered a country and western singer whose songs I. And I've noticed, in myself and others, a tendency to discount anything that falls outside of what we've decided we 'like'. We all have opinions, beliefs, preconceived notions, etc. Unless the index is really narrow (and can't then satisfy all that many queries), scanning 99% of the table is not much better than scanning 100% of the table, and hardly worth the maintenance costs on virtually all writes. Watch Out for Preconceived Notions and Limiting Beliefs. The whole point of the filter is to both improve read performance and also to reduce storage and maintenance costs. 
The filter doesn't eliminate a substantial number of rows. And even for filtered indexes you can create, you probably shouldn't bother, if: #PRECONCIEVED NOTION DEFINITION HOW TO#
How to Overcome the Filtered Index UnMatchedIndexes IssueĪ filtered index isn't always possible. How Forced Parameterization Affects Filtered Indexes. An Unexpected Side-Effect of Adding a Filtered Index. What You Can (and Can't) Do With Filtered Indexes. Optimizer Limitations with Filtered Indexes. How filtered indexes could be a more powerful feature. They can definitely be a great solution in the right use case, but many of us have talked about some of their known and lesser-known weaknesses: This discussion ultimately came about because, just the week before, we did solve a couple of other nagging internal problems with filtered indexes. Just not for the original reasons I thought they wouldn't be an option at all. Since most queries ask for both types, and that's practically the whole table, any index with a filter would not really be any better than the same index without one. Unfortunately, the data skew in the Posts table is almost 100% Questions and Answers: For a filtered index to be worthwhile, it has to be relatively narrow and it has to eliminate a lot of rows. 
Not confusing or inconsistent at all.Īnyway, it was all for naught. At least if PostTypeId is the leading key if not, that falls apart. WHERE PostTypeId >= 1 AND PostTypeId = 1 AND PostTypeId = 1 AND PostTypeId <= 2.
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